The Seven Types of Pharisees and the Fear of God in the Synoptic Gospels

Articles, DB 85th Festschrift

Ancient Jewish sources attest to a debate over which motivation for keeping the commandments—fear or love—was most highly to be esteemed. This debate surfaces, among other places, in the Talmudic discussions of the seven types of Pharisees. These seven types and the debate over love versus fear illuminate important aspects of Jesus’ teaching.

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The Sin Against the Spirit: Matt. 12:31-32; Mark 3:28-29; Luke 12:10

Articles, DB 85th Festschrift

Jesus’ saying about the sin against the Holy Spirit belongs to developing Jewish ideas regarding the gradation of sin and punishment. It also reflects his high self-awareness.

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Halakha in the Gospels

Articles, DB 85th Festschrift

The Gospels describe Jesus and his followers as keeping halakha to a relatively high extent; they were a group to whom the law was important.

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‘Look at…all the trees’: Trees in the New Testament Gospels

Articles, DB 85th Festschrift

An examination of the role trees play in the New Testament Gospels.

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He Could No Longer Openly Enter a Town: A Synoptic Study in Light of an Early Luke

Articles, DB 85th Festschrift

According to Mark, after one of Jesus’ very first miracles, Jesus would no longer openly approach a town in public, but instead avoided the crowds who continually sought him out.

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The Expectation of Sabbatical Redemption within Ancient Judaism and Luke-Acts

Articles, DB 85th Festschrift

Luke-Acts attests to the connection of the movements of John the Baptist and Jesus to ancient Jewish hopes of sabbatical redemption.

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(Why) Did Jews Hate Tax Collectors–Or Did They? The Evolution of a Modern Stereotype in Biblical Studies

Articles, DB 85th Festschrift

The popular image of tax collectors ostracized from Jewish society demands a second look.

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